Learning English

online......
    MOPH Homepage ICTC Homepage

 unit    1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Answer|

 

Unit 6

 

Section I  

Match each underlined word in the following passage with a suitable definition from the list given below. Write the word you choose for each item in the table provided.

A NEW AIR POLLUTION - FREE ZONE

Bangkok of the next decade could well be a city without fresh air, a city where people live amid teeming congestion and who queue for days so they can buy expensive canned oxygen. Out on the streets everyone will be forced to wear masks which (1) filter out the pollution.

It's frightening but potentially possible scenario if Bangkok does not do something about its worsening traffic and pollution problems.

There are doubtless all sorts of costly and protracted ways of fighting this problem, but a simple and traffic and pollution problems. There are doubtless all sorts of costly and protracted ways of fighting this problem, but a simple and relatively inexpensive solution is to arrange for a green area where trees are planted to help absorb chemicals such as carbon monoxide from the air and recycle it as life-sustaining oxygen.

Benjasiri Park, a new public park in the city, should be of some help in cleaning the air in Bangkok The park is located on some 30 rai on Sukhumvit Road which formerly housed the Meteorology Department. It was built by the Finance Ministry's Treasury Department in collaboration with the private sector to present to Her Majesty the Queen in celebration of Her Majesty's 60th birthday.

Benjasiri Park is a community park (2) Prior to its construction, opinions were sought from nearby residents on the best ways to create a park which satisfied the users' needs. It was decided to divide the park into three areas.

The first area is around the entrance on Sukhumvit Road, where a pond was built to replace a fence. There's a big lawn in front for people to sit and relax. In the pond, there's a "jumping fountain", the first of its kind in Thailand, which alternates the flow of water both up and down. On the surrounding lawns are two Chalerm Phra Kiat Pavilions built in the beautiful traditional Thai architectural style. The pavilions are equipped with modern facilities for (3) displaying an exhibition on Her Majesty the Queen's life and work. The construction of the pavilions was funded by The Shell Company of Thailand Limited.

The most outstanding feature of Benjasiri Park is a (4) prominent sculpture of a Symbolic Coin in honour of Her Majesty. It's largest coin in the world, made of bronze gilded with gold paste, featuring a full- length portrait of Her Majesty. The coin measures three metres in diameter, is 0.24 metres thick and weights 4,000 kilogrammes. There are also 12 other fine sculptures form 12 leading artists on display around the park.

The second part is an open lawn in the middle of the park for people to exercise or hold shows and contests. Here, a second large pond helps absorb rain water as a way for (5) remedying one of Bangkok's other chronic problems - the annual flooding.

The third part is a community service area, located at the back and around the park. It consists of various sports facilities including a health park, ta-kraw, volleyball and basketball courts - two of each, a skating rink, concert stadium, separate playgrounds for young and older children and, most special of all, a swimming pool for the children. The swimming pool was built at the request of the public since there is no public swimming pool available for children in the area. Toward the back, a parking lot has been provided for park users. There are also two pedestrian bridges so people can cross the busy Sukhumvit Road to get to the park.

Benjasiri Park is certainly a special (6) treat for Bangkokians, a new large air pollution-free zone in the central city, a place where Bangkokians can breathe fresh air and quiet retreat in which to relax, both physically and mentally, from the work and other stresses which imprison the life of city dwellers.

  List of possible definitions
present
showing
destroy
improving
remove
previous
noticeable
curing
following
increase

Word from Passage Defining Word
1. filter out
2. prior
3. displaying
4. prominent
5.remedying
6. treat
1. ................................
2. ................................
3. ................................
4. ................................
5. ................................
6. ................................

Section II

Read the following passage and look at the table and diagram which follow it. Complete the table by writing short labels for the diagram.


Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty - three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but also for its utility.

Section III

Use the information in the following text to answer the questions which follow it. Write your answers in the space provided.

KANCHANABURI

If you are looking or a place a little more remote, where nature offers the simple pleasures of sun, unpolluted beautiful rivers, high mountains, wonderful caves, wild animals, waterfalls and the precious blue-sapphire the answer lies in this town ... KANCHANABURI

Kanchanaburi is one of the most beautiful provinces of Thailand, with a delightful landscape. It is already well known among War-historians and movie-buffs as the site of the notorious "Death Railway" and the "Bridge over the River Khwae" and among archaeologists of its Neolithic burial grounds. Yet, the province also has numerous other places of interest for the nature loving visitor who wants to spend longer.

Kanchanaburi is about 128 kilometers west of Bangkok approximately 2 1/2 hours ride by care over a good road.

The town of Kanchanaburi is located at the point where two tributaries, the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai (which have their source in the Ta-Nao-Si Range) meet and form the Mae-Klong River.

The famous Bridge over the River Khwae, the Death Railway, the Neolithic burial site at Ban-Kao (พิพิธภัณฑ์บ้านเก่า) and several of the area's other attractions are all situated along these river banks.

The present provincial capital is a relatively new town built by King Rama III in 1833. The old town was 18 kilometers away. On reaching Kanchanaburi a visitor should first stop at the "TOURISM AUTHORITY OF THAILAND" local office on Saeng-Chuto Road near the Bus Station to collect maps, folders and any other useful information before starting out on a program of sight-seeing.

Probably, the best known of Kanchanaburi's tourist-attractions is the Bridge over the River Khwae made famous by the movie of the same name; the Death Railway and the War Cemetery ..... all of which are reminders of one of the darkest periods of World War II. But among Thais, it is widely known for its natural beauties such as Erawan National Park, Sai-Yok National Park and La-Wa Cave.

1. The writer mentions 4 groups of people who will find Kanchanaburi particularly interesting. Two groups are people interested in ancient history or films. What are the interests of the other two groups?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. The Mac-Klong River at Kanchanaburi consists of two smaller rivers. Where do these rivers start?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Before visiting places of interest where should a tourist go?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4. Kanchanaburi is especially famous abroad for its places of interest connected with the Second World War. What is it also famous for in Thailand?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Section IV

Read the following passage and then circle the best alternative for each question.

TIN CAPSULES

For approximately 120 years, bottles containing high quality wines have had a protective top capsule of "tin-lead" applied as a closure around the cork. The tin-lead foil actually comprises a thin layer of lead sandwiched between much thinner layers of tin roll-bonded to both sides. The purpose of the tin coating is to prevent contact between the lead and the wine, and to provide a good surface for high quality decoration, including printing and embossing. 6


The "feel" of the capsule to the touch and the way in which it tears away from the bottle, are important factors conveying a quality image of the product to the consumer, and in this regard, the tin-lead capsule has always been used for the best quality wines, the "grand crus" and "vins d' origine controlee", all over the world: in Europe, California, Australia, South Africa, and even China. They are also used for high- class spirits such as single-malt whiskies, also champagnes and port, in order to enhance the "premium" image. The other principal capsule materials employed are aluminum and plastics (PVC), usually for the cheaper products.

14


The fitting of a capsule over a corked bottle is not merely a question of decoration or image, however. There is also the practical purpose of protecting the cork from mould growth, worms, etc., and acting as an additional barrier to oxygen ingress and spoilage of the contents. This particularly applies,
of course, to top quality wines which may be stored for many years before being consumed. The capsule also acts as a tamper-evident seal, considered increasingly important these days in many forms of packaging.

21


In recent years there has been concern expressed in various countries about the use of lead in capsules because of its known toxic effects. Contamination of wine by lead is known to sometimes occur
as a result of capsule corrosion and the formation of soluble lead salts; this may have various causes, including tin coatings of inadequate thickness that are discontinuous to become disrupted.

26


More generally, the disposal of lead-based capsules represents an unavoidable burden of a toxic metal into the waste system. As a result of these concerns, there are now moves to phase out the use of lead-based capsules. In September 1990, the Office International de la Vinge et du Vin (O.I.V.), an intergovernmental
organization representing 33 countries, adopted a resolution which states in part:    

31


"In its will to be associated with measures taken in the world to protect the environment (the O.I.V.) is against the use of capsules containing lead for the closure of wine bottles and other win products.
Taking into account technical constraints, (the O.I.V.) recommends state members to ban the sale of bottles with tin-lead capsules from December 31, 1993, this rule not applying to bottles closed before this date."

37


The immediate response of major producers to the above regulations was to try to develop a tin product as direct substitute for the tin-lead one, because the "warm" feel and properties of the tin capsule closely resemble that of the tin-lead material, and hence it is felt to be the most suitable product for high-
quality wines and spirits. It also has various other advantages:

42


(a) Tin is universally recognised as a non-toxic metal, and does not present a hazard to the waste stream.

(b) It has always been associated with quality in Europe, particularly in the form of pewter ware which has been in use for hundreds of years and continues to be much appreciated today.

47

(c) It is easily adapted to the existing capsule-forming technology, and forms an attractive product that takes high quality printing and embossing.

(d) It has an agreeable feel to the touch and can be easily opened without risk of cutting the fingers.

51


The current consumption of tin-lead bottle capsules is estimated to be 2,000 million, this representing
probably under one-quarter of the total consumed, the remainder being divided about equally between aluminum and plastic capsules. The weight of a typical tin capsule is about 5 grammes (half that of the lead-based product, which typically contains only 1.5% tin by weight), and thus if all consumers of the traditional tin-lead capsule switched to tin-lead capsule switched to tin, it would represent a substantial new market of some 10,000 tonnes/years of tin.

58


However, the relative costs of the different materials make a 100% substitution unlikely, since the tin capsule is at present more costly than the tin-lead type, while the aluminum and plastic alternatives are cheaper than either. While a proportion of the current tin-lead market may opt for the lease costly alternatives, it has nevertheless already been demonstrated that a substantial number of producers of premium wines will demand the tin production order to maintain their quality image; from an objective viewpoint, a tin capsule cost of about 2.5 pence (or Us. 5 cents) is a very small proportion of the retail cost of quality wine, and can be considered a worthwhile investment for its marketability.

66

หมายเหตุ  หมายเลขของ  line  ที่นี้อาจจะไม่ตรงกับ line จริงในหน้าจอของท่าน ขึ้นนอยู่กับขนาดตัวหนังสือและหน้าจอที่ท่่านเปิดอ่าน แต่ขอให้ยึดตัวหนังสือทึบสีน้ำเงินเป็นหลัก

Questions 1 - 3 : Reference

1. The word "it" in line 7 refers to the

a. cork.
b. decoration.
c. capsule.
d. wine.

2. The world "either" in line 61 refers to

a. thin or tin-lead capsules.
b. plastic or aluminum capsules.
c. aluminum or tin capsules.
d. tin-lead or plastic capsules.

3. The word "their" in line 64 refers to

a. tin-only capsules.
b. good quality wines.
c. wine producers.
d. tin-lead capsules.

Questions 4 - 6 : Comprehension

4. Which of the following is not a purpose of a tin-lead capsule?

a. It helps to prevent the wine being contaminated by oxygen.
b. It shows the customer that the product is in perfect condition.
c. It prevents the wine coming out of the bottle.
d. It makes the customer feel the wine is of high quality.

5. Which one of the following statements concerning the tin-only capsule is not true?

a. It has no lead which could spoil the wine.
b. It will not pollute the environment when it is thrown away.
c. It is easy to manufacture.
d. It is cheaper than the tin-lead capsule.

6. At the moment the number of plastic capsules sold is :

a. Less than the number of tin-lead capsules.
b. Less than the number of tin-only capsules.
c. More than the number of tin-lead and aluminum capsules.
d. More than the number of tin-lead capsules.

 

 
 unit    1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Answer|